BRIEF - In the first session we where briefed on the second part of design principles. The brief is, to produce ten double page spreads with the title '10 things a designer should know'. We will create ten double page spreads based of this idea, each explaining a subject in design based on type, colour and layout. This will illustrate what we have learnt over the past few months.
In the session we where put into groups to discuss possible content that could go in the spreads and what will base the '10 things a designer need to know'. In my group we started brainstorming possible topics to consider:
After having a discussion in our group, we refined our question into the ten below. We each narrowed these questions down so each one of us in the groups could research content for two questions. My questions were on colour theory. I was quite happy researching into colour as it has given me a opportunity to do even further research into colour and to give me an further understanding:
My Questions, Question 1 - How Do We See Colour?
ALL BELOW ARE FROM - http://www.colormatters.com/color-and-vision/how-the-eye-sees-color
In the session we where put into groups to discuss possible content that could go in the spreads and what will base the '10 things a designer need to know'. In my group we started brainstorming possible topics to consider:
After having a discussion in our group, we refined our question into the ten below. We each narrowed these questions down so each one of us in the groups could research content for two questions. My questions were on colour theory. I was quite happy researching into colour as it has given me a opportunity to do even further research into colour and to give me an further understanding:
My Questions, Question 1 - How Do We See Colour?
ALL BELOW ARE FROM - http://www.colormatters.com/color-and-vision/how-the-eye-sees-color
I have started by looking into actually how the eye works and how we see colour. I looked into how we perceive light and how white light creates the different colours:
Colour originates in light. Sunlight, as we perceive it, is colourless. In reality, a rainbow is testimony to the fact that all the colours of the spectrum are present in white light. As illustrated in the diagram below, light goes from the source (the sun) to the object (the apple), and finally to the detector (the eye and brain).
1. All the
"invisible" colour's of sunlight shine on the apple.
2. The surface of a red
apple absorbs all the coloured light rays, except for those corresponding to
red, and reflects this colour to the human eye.
3. The eye receives the
reflected red light and sends a message to the brain.
ALL BELOW ARE FROM - http://www.colormatters.com/fun-color-facts/factoids-part-1
I also found information on the difference between how humans and animals see colour. There is additional information on this that discusses the difference further and also how many different rods and cones different animals. As well as this, I have looked into the difference of human rods and cones and how they work:
Humans, apes, most old world monkeys, ground
squirrels, and many species of fish, birds, and insects have well-developed
colour vision. However, it's worth noting that 7 or 8 percent of human males are
relatively or completely deficient in colour vision.
Humans with the most common form of
colour-blindness and mammals with poor colour vision are unable to differentiate
between reds and greens. They see the world as a blend of blues, yellows, and
greys.
Mammals with limited colour vision or none at all
include mice, rats, rabbits, cats, and dogs. Nocturnal animals - such as foxes,
owls, skunks, and raccoons - whose vision is specialised for dim light seldom
have good colour vision. By comparison, humans are colour-blind in dim light.
ALL BELOW ARE FROM - http://www.pantone.co.uk/pages/pantone/Pantone.aspx?pg=19357&ca=29
The human eye and brain together translate
light into colour. Light receptors within the eye transmit messages to the
brain, which produces the familiar sensations of colour.
“About 8% of men and 1% of women have some form of colour impairment.
Most people with colour deficiencies aren't aware that the colours they perceive
as identical appear different to other people. Most still perceive colour, but
certain colours are transmitted to the brain differently.”
ALL BELOW FROM - http://thehumaneyeandthecamera.blogspot.co.uk/p/difference-between-rods-and-cones.html
There are two types of photoreceptor's in the human eye, rods and
cones. They are located on the retina. They are each responsible
for decoding the image received from the retina for the brain to take in as
electrical signals. Rods take in light at low levels. This is known
as scotopic vision. This is what helps us to see at night. If the
rods were capable of taking in colour as well, we, as human beings would have
the ability to see at night, just as we do in the daytime. However, rods
do not decode colour. That is what cones do. Cones decode colour at
high light levels. This is known as photopic vision. This explains
why colour is harder to take in at night, and shapes stand out.
FROM FRED'S COLOUR SESSION PART 1:
There are three
types of cones:
TYPE 1: is sensitive to red-orange light, the
TYPE 2: is
sensitive to green light
TYPE 3: is
sensitive to blue-violet light.
When a single cone is stimulated,
the brain perceives the corresponding colour.
- If our
green cones are stimulated, we see "green".
- If our red-orange cones are stimulated, we see "red".
- If our red-orange cones are stimulated, we see "red".
- If both
our green and red-orange cones are simultaneously stimulated, our perception is
“yellow”.
ALL BELOW ARE FROM - http://science-edu.larc.nasa.gov/EDDOCS/Wavelengths_for_Colors.html#violet
I have also researched into colour and wavelengths. I have found the wavelengths for each colour of the rainbow which is interesting to see as this explains why the length of the colour determines how far the colour travels. This explains why we see certain colours:
Our eyes
are sensitive to light which lies in a very small region of the electromagnetic
spectrum labelled "visible light". This "visible light"
corresponds to a wavelength range of 400 - 700 nanometres (nm) and a colour
range of violet through red. The human eye is not capable of "seeing"
radiation with wavelengths outside the visible spectrum. The visible colours
from shortest to longest wavelength are: violet, blue, green, yellow, orange,
and red. Ultraviolet radiation has a shorter wavelength than the visible violet
light. Infrared radiation has a longer wavelength than visible red light. The
white light is a mixture of the colours of the visible spectrum. Black is a
total absence of light.
Violet Light - The visible violet light has a wavelength of about 400
nm. Within the visible wavelength spectrum, violet and blue wavelengths are
scattered more efficiently than other wavelengths. The sky looks blue, not
violet, because our eyes are more sensitive to blue light (the sun also emits
more energy as blue light than as violet).
Indigo Light - The visible indigo light has a wavelength of about 445
nm.
Blue Light - The visible blue light has a wavelength of about 475 nm. Because the blue wavelengths are shorter in the visible spectrum, they are scattered more efficiently by the molecules in the atmosphere. This causes the sky to appear blue.
Green Light - The visible green light has a wavelength of about 510 nm. Grass for example, appears green because all of the colours in the visible part of the spectrum are absorbed into the leaves of the grass except green. green is reflected, therefore grass appears green.
Yellow Light - The visible yellow light has a wavelength of about 570 nm. Low pressure sodium lamps, like those used in parking lots, emit a yellow (wavelength 589 nm) light.
Orange Light - The visible orange light has a wavelength of about 590
nm.
Red Light - The visible red light has a wavelength of about 650 nm. At sunrise and
sunset, red or orange colours are present because the wavelengths associated
with these colours are less efficiently scattered by the atmosphere than the
shorter wavelength colours (e.g., blue and purple). A large amount of blue and
violet light has been removed as a result of scattering and the long wave
colours, such as red and orange, are more readily seen.
ALL BELOW ARE FROM - http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/sky_blue.html
Light
is a kind of energy that radiates, or travels, in waves. Many different kinds
of energy travel in waves. For example, sound is a wave of vibrating air. Light
is a wave of vibrating electric and magnetic fields.
Question 2 - How Do Colour's Work Together?
I have looked into how colours work together. Firstly by looking into the categories of different colour and how they are achieved. I have also looked into complimentary colours explained, which I have more detail on which describes how they are used, how they cancel one another out and how they should be used.
Primary Colours
Primary colours are three key colours - Red, Blue and Yellow. They cannot be made from any other colour.
Secondary Colours
If you mix equal amounts of the primary colours, you get the Secondary
colours - Purple, Green and Orange.
Red + Yellow = Orange
Red + Blue = Purple
Blue + Yellow = Green
Tertiary Colours
If you mix a primary with a secondary colour, in a ratio of 2:1,
you get a Tertiary colour. Red-Orange, Blue-Green etc.
ALL BELOW ARE FROM - http://www.tigercolor.com/color-lab/color-theory/color-harmonies.htm
Complementary
Colors that are opposite each
other on the colour wheel are considered to be complementary colours (example:
red and green). The
high contrast of complementary colours creates a vibrant look especially when
used at full saturation. This colour scheme must be managed well so it is not
jarring. Complementary
colours are tricky to use in large doses, but work well when you want something
to stand out. Complementary
colours are really bad for text.
Complementary colours are pairs of colours
which, when combined in the right proportions, produce white or black. When placed next to each other, they create
the strongest contrast and reinforce each other. They are widely used in art
and design. The pairs of complementary colours vary depending upon the colour
model, and how the colour is made.
IMAGE FROM FRED COLOUR SESSIONS PART 1 - https://docs.google.com/a/students.leeds-art.ac.uk/presentation/d/12tIHXrUsoNzgux0meBXQEgptwpSnKcF8jD_Y5SK9YgQ/edit#slide=id.p
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